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Chivalry & Sorcery
''Chivalry & Sorcery'' is a fantasy role-playing game that was first published in 1977 by Fantasy Games Unlimited. Originally created by Edward E. Simbalist and Wilf K. Backhaus in 1977, Chivalry & Sorcery (C&S) was an early competitor to ''Dungeons & Dragons''. Historically, the two designers of the game were dissatisfied with the lack of realism in Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) and created the first gaming system derived from it,〔http://www.space-opera.net/GB/interviews/ed.htm〕 which they named ''Chevalier''. They intended to present it to Gary Gygax at Gen Con in 1977,〔 but changed their minds once at the Con, where they met Scott Bizar who wrote out a letter of intent.〔(Places to Go, People to Be Issue 15: Forum )〕 After some final changes to get rid of the last remnants of D&D〔 (e.g. the game contained a table of "Saving-throws" similar to D&D), Simbalist and Backhaus published the first edition of their game - now renamed ''Chivalry & Sorcery'' - shortly after the release of the first edition of ''Advanced D&D''.
According to Michael Tresca, ''Chivalry & Sorcery'' "embraced a realistic approach to medieval France in the 12th century, complete with feudalism and the Catholic Church. ''Chivalry & Sorcery'' was most noteworthy for creating the term "game master." It was one of the first games to place the setting at utmost importance over the mechanics of the game."〔 More focused on medieval chivalry than fantasy, ''Chivalry & Sorcery'' (C&S) had from its first version a sophisticated and complex set of rules. The game has been published four times to improve its presentation and to modernize its game mechanics. C&S was the first to introduce new concepts like levels for monsters. Players could adventure in a variety of locations instead of being confined to a dark underground dungeon. The action taking place outside the framework of an adventure became very important, especially for magicians, who had to spend many days to learn their spells and enchant their materials.
== First edition (C&S1) ==
Also called The Red Book (see image above). Rules not only for character creation (including Monster player characters), combat and magic, but also for Knights (tournaments, courtly love, fiefs, political influence), a hierarchical priesthood who could perform miracles, a large section on monsters, including the Infernal Court of demons and even wargames rules for armies were contained in the rulebook. In addition to ideas taken from Arthurian myth, the first edition also incorporated elements of J. R. R. Tolkien including hobbits and balrogs. These references have disappeared in subsequent editions for reasons of copyright. Thus, C&S has less of a modern literary influence than D&D which was influenced by Tolkien but also by other authors such as Jack Vance, Fritz Leiber, L. Sprague de Camp and Michael Moorcock.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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